What are Ytterbium 바카라 필승법?

Ytterbium 바카라 필승법 offer several advantages over those based on other gain materials. While sometimes created as slab or disk 바카라 필승법, their main impact is as fiber 바카라 필승법 with ultrafast output for scientific and materials processing applications.

Ytterbium (Yb) 바카라 필승법 are 바카라 필승법 where the gain medium is a host material doped with ytterbium (Yb3+) ions. They emit light in the near-infrared, somewhere between 1030 and 1070 nm, depending on the host. For mode-locked Yb 바카라 필승법, this output can be efficiently frequency-double or tripled to deliver green and ultraviolet wavelengths. These mode-locked 바카라 필승법 can also be used to pump parametric devices to deliver wavelength-tunable output.

Four Main Advantages of Yb 바카라 필승법

The main advantages of ytterbium (Yb) 바카라 필승법 are:

1. They can be mode-locked to deliver femtosecond (fs) output. Because of the high peak power this creates, fs pulses 바카라 필승법e well-suited to cutting-edge applications in neuroscience, as well as advanced materials processing applications.
2. They can be produced as fiber 바카라 필승법, resulting in operational simplicity and superior reliability, even in demanding industrial settings.
3. They can be scaled to higher power better than any other fs 바카라 필승법. This enables brighter images and faster multiphoton excitation in neuroscience and delivers higher throughput in precision cutting, e.g., medical devices such as stents.
4. They have higher electrical efficiency than other ultrafast 바카라 필승법. This makes them compatible with greener manufacturing practices with greater sustainability.

Let’s now look at the technical basis of these advantages in more detail and then see how they impact a couple of representative applications.

Some “Light” Technical Reading

Mode-locking delivers short pulses and high peak power

Mode-locking is a way to make a 바카라 필승법 produce very short pulses and very high pulse-repetition rates. It causes all the light created in a continuous-wave 바카라 필승법 to collapse to a very short pulse that cycles around the 바카라 필승법 cavity. Every time the pulse bounces off the partially reflecting output mirror, a fraction escapes. So the 바카라 필승법 naturally produces a pulse rate corresponding to the cavity roundtrip time. With a 바카라 필승법 cavity length of 10s of cm or less, this translates into a repetition rate of 10s of MHz.

On the other hand, the pulse width depends on the laser’s wavelength spread, called the “gain bandwidth.” Broader output produces shorter pulses and vice versa. The wide bandwidth of Yb means these 바카라 필승법 can deliver pulses as short as 50 fs, with peak powers in the gigawatt regime.

Fiber 바카라 필승법chitecture provides reliability and power scalability

Fiber and power scaling are intimately linked. In any solid-state laser, a challenge is removing unwanted heat from the gain material where it can cause lensing problems and even damage.  The heat has to conductively flow to the edge (surface) of the material for extraction. This limits the maximum power of solid-state 바카라 필승법 based on bulk crystals. But if the gain medium is stretched into a fiber or compressed into a disk, then every part of the material is near a cooled surface and cooling considerations no longer thwart power scaling.

A major advantage of Yb is that it can be hosted in glass which can be formed as either fibers or disks. However, fiber 바카라 필승법 have the advantage of being optomechanically robust and can’t drift out of alignment.  This power scalability is why Yb fiber 바카라 필승법 like the Coherent Monaco continue to set new power standards for femtosecond 바카라 필승법. And their inherent reliability is why they are being adopted for diverse and demanding applications.

Efficient diode 바카라 필승법 pumping lowers carbon footprint

Yb 바카라 필승법 are more electrically efficient than some other solid-state 바카라 필승법 for two reasons. First, the diode 바카라 필승법 that convert electricity into light are used to directly pump the Yb doped fiber, with no intermediate step that could otherwise lower overall electrical efficiency. In addition, there is a relatively small quantum defect – the difference between the diode pump wavelength (976 nm) and the Yb fiber output wavelength (1030 to 1070 nm). The energy represented by the quantum defect is lost as heat so small values like this are very desirable.

Applications of Yb 바카라 필승법

The application areas for mode-locked Yb fiber 바카라 필승법 depend on their power level and output wavelength (IR, green, or UV).

Multiphoton Neuroscience

Low-power 바카라 필승법 with a few watts of average power are mainly used in scientific applications. Here the Yb laser is integrated in a single-box format with an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to deliver wavelength-tunable output. An example is theChameleon Discovery NX. By f바카라 필승법 the biggest application for these tunable sources is multiphoton microscopy which provides high-resolution 3D images for neuroscience, intravital imaging, and translational rese바카라 필승법ch into real-time (potentially intra-surgical) biopsies.

Higher power (10’s of watts) amplified Yb 바카라 필승법 include theMonacoseries. The infr바카라 필승법ed versions 바카라 필승법e useful for both scientific and industrial applications. The main scientific applications 바카라 필승법e in neuroscience, where the Monaco is paired with a tunable optical p바카라 필승법ametric amplifier such as the Opera F generating a pulse width of only 50 fs. The wavelength tunable output is used for both three-photon imaging and two-photon optogenetic photostimulation.

Precision Materials Processing

The industrially packaged Monaco series brings the unique benefits of fs 바카라 필승법 processing to a growing range of precision manufacturing applications. The infrared models – Monaco 1035 – supports applications such as glass cutting & welding, thin/film cutting, and medical device manufacturing, e.g., stents, TAVR tools.

TheMonaco 517models deliver green output, making them a good match for materials processing applications such as polymer cutting and drilling, flex PCB, and IC package cutting, silicon wafer singulation, medical device manufacturing, thin metal foil cutting, and texturing

The 345 nm ultraviolet output of theMonaco UVis used for materials processing of Flex components and for cutting a range of materials with no peripheral thermal effects: OLED modules, semiconductor wafers, thin-films, foils, and display touch sensors.