Rare Earth Doped 카지노 가입머니 Enable NIR Lasers and Amplifiers

Lasers and laser systems based on specialty optical 카지노 가입머니s doped with rare earth elements represent one of the most successful dual-use photonic technologies of recent times, with applications from welding “difficult” metals in e-vehicles, to precision laser targeting, to cutting medical devices. In this document we describe some of the specialty 카지노 가입머니 options that play important roles in a complete 카지노 가입머니 laser system.

Rare Earths Enable Near-IR 카지노 가입머니 Operation

Doped materials containing positive ions of a rare earth element, e.g., Ytterbium (Yb), Neodymium (Nd), Holmium (Ho), Thulium (Tm), and Erbium (Er) provide output in the near-infrared (NIR) 1-2 microns wavelength region. This is a useful operating range because many materials strongly absorb here, enabling efficient materials processing applications including, drilling, cutting, welding, and marking. In addition, the onset of strong light absorption by water at wavelengths around 1400 nm make wavelengths longer than this useful for medical (e.g., surgical ablation) applications while enabling remote 카지노 가입머니 delivery. Because of this water absorption, 1400 nm is generally regarded as the cut-on wavelength for eyesafe lasers; longer wavelengths are safely absorbed by water on the outside of the eye and don’t penetrate to the retina. This makes these invisible wavelengths useful in applications such aslidar imagingand range finding. The 카지노 가입머니 wavelength can also be shifted to the visible or ultraviolet using a non-linearoptical crystal.

카지노 가입머니 Lasers Avoid Thermal Management Issues

While these ions can be doped into a variety of crystalline and glass materials, today the majority of their laser applications use a 카지노 가입머니 laser format, where the ions are doped into silica glass optical 카지노 가입머니. In addition to providing mechanical stability, compared to free-space optics, 카지노 가입머니 lasers don’t have the heat dissipation problems of bulk formats such as rods and slabs. This has enabled the output power of 카지노 가입머니 lasers to be scaled from watts to over 10 kilowatts. Their wide power range is a key reason for the diversity of applications for these lasers.

Figure 1 schematically illustrates the main components of an amplified 카지노 가입머니 laser system. The gain medium is an active 카지노 가입머니 doped with positive ions of a rare earth element, e.g., Nd, Er, Yb, Tm, or Ho. These are directly pumped byDiode 무료 슬롯 사이트sersenabling compact and electrically efficient laser systems. Other key components include additional lengths of active (doped) 카지노 가입머니 that act as amplification stages,optical isolatorsto prevent harmful back reflections,카지노 가입머니 Bragg Gratingsthat act as cavity mirrors to support laser oscillation, crystals to generate harmonics or shifted wavelengths, and passive delivery 카지노 가입머니s.

카지노 가입머니 Earth Doping Options

Glass (silica) 카지노 가입머니s can be doped with ions of several different rare earth elements. Coherent offers a comprehensive range of doping and options since the optimum choice depends on both the desired wavelength, power level, and pulsing parameters. Figure 2 summarizes the wavelength characteristics of the five commonly used rare earth ions Nd, Er, Yb, Tm, or Ho: both the emission wavelengths and the requisite pumping wavelengths. Yb is increasingly popular in ultra short pulse (USP) lasers because its relatively broad emission bandwidth supports mode-locked 카지노 가입머니 lasers with pulses as short as 50 femtoseconds and amplified (i.e., high power) systems with pulses of just a few hundred femtoseconds (fs).

Coherent also offers specialty optical 카지노 가입머니 co-doped with both Er and Yb. The Er acts as the gain medium, resulting in emission around 1550 nm, depending on the doping concentration. The Yb acts as a light absorber, preventing unwanted amplified spontaneous emission around 1 micron, ensuring a laser system that is completely eyesafe.

Rare-earth doped 카지노 가입머니s can also be additionally doped with a “modifier” element such as Aluminum (Al) Germanium (Ge) or Phosphorus (P). These are used primarily to manipulate the refractive index of the 카지노 가입머니, which enables the numerical aperture (NA) to be modified somewhat independently of the core diameter of the 카지노 가입머니. The NA defines the spread angle of light emitted from the 카지노 가입머니 and the angular range over which light can be focused into the 카지노 가입머니. It is important since it is often the limiting factor in how the laser can be focused or projected by downstream optics.

Diverse 카지노 가입머니 Options

Just like other optical 카지노 가입머니s, rare earth doped active 카지노 가입머니s are also classified by their transmission mode as determined by the optical details of their core and cladding.

Core:The core ranges from 10-200 microns in diameter and is surrounded by a cladding of a glass with a slightly lower index. This arrangement confines the light to the 카지노 가입머니 because of total internal reflection and only the core is doped with rare earth ions. Most 카지노 가입머니s can be assigned to one of three types: single-mode (SM), multi-mode (MM), and large area-mode (LMA). SM 카지노 가입머니s have the smallest diameter inner core so that there is only one transmission mode, which is often desirable because it results in an output beam with the best focus ability, i.e., to the smallest spot. MM 카지노 가입머니 is the next most common 카지노 가입머니 type, supporting approximately 1000 different transmission modes. This supports higher power output but with a less focusable beam and is mainly used to handle the pump light from the diodes. LMA 카지노 가입머니s are an important niche type for use in very high power systems.

Cladding:Doped 카지노 가입머니s are available with two different cladding options. The simplest format is called single-clad 카지노 가입머니 where the core is slightly higher index than the cladding which is then surrounded by a protective coating of a index polymer. In double-clad 카지노 가입머니s, the inner cladding is surrounded by a coating of a low index polymer. Double-clad 카지노 가입머니s increase the ability of the core to absorb light by allowing higher input pump powers and enhancing interaction between the pump light and the active rare earth ions in the core. Coherent also offers triple-clad 카지노 가입머니s that support most 카지노 가입머니 interconnect systems and diode laser power delivery systems and offer radiation resistance in space-based applications.

Full Range of Specialty Optical 카지노 가입머니 Options

To summarize all the choices, rare earth doped 카지노 가입머니s are available as standard products from Coherent with a choice of five different rare earth ions: Nd, Er, Yb, Tm, or Ho  They are available as single-mode (SM), multi-mode (MM), and large area-mode (LMA) 카지노 가입머니s, all with several choices in both the numerical aperture (NA) and the core diameter. Plus, the슬롯 꽁 머니tigua 슬롯 꽁includes single-clad, double-clad, and triple-clad 카지노 가입머니s. Altogether this encompasses thousands of different standard doped 카지노 가입머니s. OEM systems builders can also work with Coherent to define 카지노 가입머니 specifications for custom applications.

Superior Performance for Dema카지노 가입머니ing Applications

Coherent rare earth doped 카지노 가입머니s are ideal for both laser and laser amplifier applications over a wide power range. For instance, our high-quality 카지노 가입머니s eliminate two of the well-known challenges in 카지노 가입머니 amplifier power scaling: Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) and Transverse Mode Instability (TMI). They feature high mode quality, excellent pump light absorption, long lifetime, and exceptionally low photodarkening. As a result, they provide reliable, extended operation in even the most demanding industrial, medical, space and lidar applications.